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Auth User

 

Auth User is PmWiki’s identity-based authorization system that allows access to pages to be controlled through the use of usernames and passwords. Auth User can be used in addition to the password-based scheme that is PmWiki’s default configuration.

Auth User is a very flexible system for managing access control on pages, but flexibility can also bring complexity and increased maintenance overhead to the wiki administrator. This is why PmWiki defaults to the simpler password-based system. For some thoughts about the relative merits of the two approaches, see PmWiki:ThoughtsOnAccessControl.

See also: Cookbook:Quick Start for AuthUser.

Activating Auth User

To activate PmWiki’s identity-based system, add the following line to local/config.php:

   include_once(“$FarmD/scripts/authuser.php”);

Ensure that you have set a site wide admin password, otherwise you will not be able to edit SiteAdmin.AuthUser.

PmWiki caches some group and page authorization levels when a page is accessed. For this reason, it is better to include authuser.php quite early in config.php, notably

• after any recipe which inserts some custom writable Page Store? class (MySQL, SQ Lite?, Compressed Page Store? or other)
• and after any internationalization (UTF-8 and XL Page?).

(If you don’t use a custom Page Store? class and i18n, include authuser.php first thing in config.php.)

All other recipes should be included after these.

Creating user accounts

Most of Auth User’s configuration is performed via the SiteAdmin.AuthUser page. To change the Auth User configuration, simply edit this page like any other wiki page (you’ll typically need to use the site’s admin password for this).

To create a login account, simply add lines to Site Admin.Auth User that look like:

   username: (:encrypt password:)

For example, to create a login account for “alice” with a password of “wonderland”, enter:

   alice: (:encrypt wonderland:)

When the page is saved, the “(:encrypt wonderland:)” part of the text will be replaced by an encrypted form of the password “wonderland”. This encryption is done so that someone looking at the Site Admin.Auth User page cannot easily determine the passwords stored in the page.

To change or reset an account’s password, simply replace the encrypted string with another (:encrypt:) directive.

The password cannot contain spaces, tabs, new lines, columns “:” and equals “=“; on some systems it should contain at least 4 characters. Usernames and passwords are case sensitive, eg. “User” is not the same as “user”.

Controlling access to pages by login

Pages and groups can be protected based on login account by using “passwords” of the form id:username in the password fields of ?action=attr (see PmWiki.Passwords). For example, to restrict a page to being edited by Alice, one would set the password to “id:alice”.

It’s possible to use multiple “id:” declarations and passwords in the ?action=attr form, thus the following setting would allow access to Alice, Carol, and anyone who knows the password “quick”:

   quick id:alice,carol

To allow access to anyone who has successfully logged in, use “id:*”.

One can also perform site-wide restrictions based on identity in the $DefaultPasswords array: e.g.

   # require valid login before viewing pages
   $DefaultPasswords[‘read’] = ‘id:*’;
   # Alice and carol may edit
   $DefaultPasswords[‘edit’] = ‘id:alice,carol’;
   # All admins and Fred may edit
   $DefaultPasswords[‘edit’] = array(‘@admins’, ‘id:Fred’);

You can change the $DefaultPasswords array in local customization files such as:

• local/config.php (for entire wiki)
• farmconfig.php (for entire wikifarm)

Organizing accounts into groups

Auth User also makes it possible to group login accounts together into authorization groups, indicated by a leading “@” sign. As with login accounts, group memberships are maintained by editing the Site Admin.Auth User page. Group memberships can be specified by either listing the groups for a login account (person belongs to groups) or the login accounts for a group (group includes people). You can repeat or mix-and-match the two kinds as desired:

   @writers: alice, bob
   carol: @writers, @editors
   @admins: alice, dave

Then, to restrict page access to a particular group, simply use “@group” as the “password” in ?action=attr or the $DefaultPasswords array, similar to the way that “id:username” is used to restrict access to specific login accounts.

Excluding individuals from password groups

Group password memberships are maintained by editing the Site Admin.Auth User page. To specify a password group that allows access to anyone who is authenticated, you can specify:

   @wholeoffice: *

If you need to keep “Fred” out of this password group :

   @wholeoffice: *,-Fred

To allow all users except Fred to change page attributes, for example, you can add to config.php :

   $DefaultPasswords[‘attr’] = array(‘id:*,-Fred’);

Getting account names and passwords from external sources

The Auth User script has the capability of obtaining username/password pairs from places other than the Site Admin.Auth User page, such as passwd-formatted files (usually called ‘.htpasswd’ on Apache servers), LDAP servers, or even the local/config.php file.

Passwd-formatted files (.htpasswd/.htgroup)

Passwd-formatted files, commonly called .htpasswd files in Apache, are text files where each line contains a username and an encrypted password separated by a colon. A typical .htpasswd file might look like:

   alice:vK99sgDV1an6I
   carol:Q1k Se Nc Tfwqjs?

To get Auth User to obtain usernames and passwords from a .htaccess file, add the following line to Site Admin.Auth User, replacing “/path/to/.htpasswd” with the filesystem path of the .htpasswd file:

   htpasswd: /path/to/.htpasswd

Creation and maintenance of the .htpasswd file can be performed using a text editor, or any number of other third-party tools available for maintaining .htpasswd files. The Apache web server typically includes an htpasswd command for creating accounts in .htpasswd:

   $ htpasswd /path/to/.htpasswd alice
   New password:
   Re-type new password:
   Adding password for user alice
   $

Similarly, one can use .htgroup formatted files to specify group memberships. Each line has the name of a group (without the “@”), followed by a colon, followed by a space separated list of usernames in the group.

   writers: carol
   editors: alice carol bob
   admins: alice dave

Note that the groups are still “@writers”, “@editors”, and “@admins” in PmWiki even though the file doesn’t specify the @ signs. To get Auth User to load these groups, use a line in Site Admin.Auth User like:

   htgroup: /path/to/.htgroup

Configuration via local/config.php

Auth User configuration settings can also be made from the local/config.php file in addition to the Site Admin.Auth User page. Such settings are placed in the $AuthUser array, and must be set prior to including the authuser.php script. Some examples:

   # set a password for alice
   $AuthUser[‘alice’] = crypt(‘wonderland’);
   # set a password for carol
   $AuthUser[‘carol’] = ‘$1$CknC8zAs$dC8z2vu3UvnIXMfOcGDON0’;
   # define the @editors group
   $AuthUser[‘@editors’] = array(‘alice’, ‘carol’, ‘bob’);
   # Use local/.htpasswd for usernames/passwords
   $AuthUser[‘htpasswd’] = ‘local/.htpasswd’;
   # Use local/.htgroup for group memberships
   $AuthUser[‘htgroup’] = ‘local/.htgroup’;

Configuration via LDAP

Authentication can be performed via an external LDAP server — simply set an entry for “ldap” in either Site Admin.Auth User or the local/config.php file.

   # use ldap.airius.com for authentication
   $AuthUser[‘ldap’] = ‘ldap://ldap.airius.com/ou=People,o=Airius?cn?sub’;

Make sure to include Auth User below the entry for the ldap server:

   # Want to use Auth User so we can use ldap for passwords
   include_once(“$FarmD/scripts/authuser.php”);

And remember to assign the Security Variables for edit and history (or whatever):

   #Security Variables set login for edit & history page
   # to let anyone edit that has an ldap entry:
   $HandleAuth[‘diff’] = ‘edit’;
   $DefaultPasswords[‘edit’] = ‘id:*’;
   $Author = $AuthId;

LDAP authentication in Auth User closely follows the model used by Apache 2.0’s mod_auth_ldap module; see especially the documentation for AuthLDAPUrl for a description of the url format.

For servers that don’t allow anonymous binds, Auth User provides $AuthLDAPBindDN and $AuthLDAPBindPassword variables to specify the binding to be used for searching.

See also Cookbook:AuthUser via Microsoft LDAP

Setting the Author Name

By default, PmWiki will use a login name in the Author field of the edit form, but allows the author to change this value prior to saving. To force the login name to always be used as the author name, use the following sequence in config.php to activate Auth User:

   include_once(“$FarmD/scripts/authuser.php”);
   $Author = $AuthId; # after include_once()

To allow more flexibility, but still enable changes to be linked to the authorized user, one can give the author name a prefix of the $AuthId instead:

    include_once("$FarmD/scripts/author.php");
    include_once("$FarmD/scripts/authuser.php");
    if ($Author) {
	if (strstr($Author, '-') != false) {
	    $Author = "$AuthId-" . preg_replace('/^[^-]*-/', '', $Author);
	} else if ($Author != $AuthId) {
	    $Author = $AuthId . '-' . $Author;
	} else {
	    $Author = $AuthId;
	}
    } else {
	$Author = $AuthId;
    }
    $AuthorLink = "[[~$Author]]";

The above will allow the user to put in the author name of their choice, but that will always be replaced by that name prefixed with “$AuthId-“. The reason why $AuthorLink needs to be set is that, if it isn’t, the Recent Changes? page will have the wrong link in it.

Removing the “Author” edit field

To force users to edit with their Auth ID? instead of having a field they can place any name in. This enables administration to keep track of who is doing what better. This line also links the Author name to their Profile.
Go to Site.Edit Form, remove the line
$[Author]: (:input e_author:)
or replace it with
$[Author]: [[Profiles/{$Author}]]

Authorization, Sessions, and Wiki Farms

PmWiki uses PHP sessions to keep track of any user authorization information. By default PHP is configured so that all interactions with the same server (as identified by the server’s domain name) are treated as part of the same session.

What this means for PmWiki is that if there are multiple wikis running within the same domain name, PHP will treat a login to one wiki as being valid for all wikis in the same domain. The easiest fix is to tell each wiki to have use a different “session cookie”. Near the top of a wiki’s local/config.php file, before calling authuser or other recipes, add a line like:

session_name('XYZSESSID');

The XYZSESSID can be any unique name (letters only is safest).

See Also

• PmWiki.Passwords
• PmWiki.PasswordsAdmin
• Cookbook:AuthUser for tips and tricks
• SiteAdmin.AuthUser

       $AuthUser[‘@editors’] = array(‘alice’, ‘carol’, ‘bob’);

 $DefaultPasswords[‘admin’] = array( crypt(‘masterpass’), # global password
   ‘@admins’, ‘@moderators’, # +users in these groups
   ‘id:Fred’, ‘id:Barney’);  # +users Fred and Barney

## Define usernames and passwords.
$AuthUser['carol'] = '$1$CknC8zAs$dC8z2vu3UvnIXMfOcGDON0';

## Enable authentication based on username.
include_once('scripts/authuser.php');

# $DefaultPasswords['admin'] = crypt('secret');
$DefaultPasswords['admin'] = 'id:carol';